Nature and nurture. In combination they determine an individual. So when the question is asked is an addiction a choice or disease I believe the answer is both.
Addictions are defined as a chronic diseases affecting brain function. It is characterized by compulsion, loss of control, negative consequences, denial, and relapse. It is believed that 33,000 people are addicted to illicit drugs, 120,000 may be alcohol dependent, and 224,000 have indications of alcohol dependence (BCMA 2009) There is a variety of different factors, which can contribute to addictions whether it be drugs, alcohol, and gambling.
It is show that addictions can be predisposition, meaning that they are passed down through genetics. Biology and genetic endowment are in a combination with external factors. These external factors include stress from personal life and work, pleasure seeking, and dysfunction in life. Social determinants of health factor into additions, such as income and social status, healthy child development, culture, physical environments, and employment and working conditions.
Addictions don't just affect those who have low economic and educational levels, despite this being the perceived stigma. Those who are influential and successful can have addictions as well.
Reference: Stepping forwards: Improving addiction care in British Columbia.
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